Tom Ellis, a political ally of U.S. Sen. Jesse Helms, R-N.C., is named a director of the Pioneer Fund.

RELATED LINKS
The Pioneer Fund

The Eugenics Board of North Carolina is disbanded.

Jessie-Riddick and Cox-Ramirez lost their civil lawsuit against the state of North Carolina.

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Elaine Riddick Jessie:
Woman sterilized at 14 carries a load of shame

Nial Cox Ramirez:
A young woman made a hard choice, and life has not been peaceful since

Pioneer Fund grant recipients contribute research to The Bell Curve, a book that ignited a national controversy over science that examines differences between the races.

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City's kids put to the test in '48

• Virginia Gov. Mark Warner issued a statement of regret to the over 8,000 victims of its eugenics program in May.

• Oregon Gov. John Kitzhaber apologized in December for his state's eugenics law that led to the forced sterilizations of over 2,000 people.

RELATED LINKS
Gov. Mark Warner's statement